ATPANC001- Ancient Egypt Research - History & Theology

An Introduction to Ancient Egypt

Mind Map

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1. Who?

Background

The family of Ramses was not of royal origin and gained power after many years when the reign of reformer religious in nature came to end. The reformer was known by the name of Akhenaton or Amenhotep IV. After coming to power they set about to restore the dominance of Egyptian power over Asia. Ramses' father Seti subdued various rebellious factions within the middle east and gave the crown prince Ramses II a special status as the regent. Conceived around 1303 BC in Ancient Egypt to Pharaoh Sethi and Queen Tuya, Ramesses II was named after his grandfather Ramesses I. Experiencing childhood in the imperial court he was instructed and raised to be a pioneer of Egypt. His dad turned into the Pharaoh of Egypt when he was 5 years of age. Ramesses had a more established sibling who was next to turn into the leader of Egypt. In any case, he passed on when Ramses was 14 years of age making him the following replacement to the seat of Egypt. It ought to be noticed that Ramses was assigned to be the following leader of Egypt at an early age deliberately, to determine that he would succeed in the seat. At ten years old, he positioned himself as commander of the military and was accepting undeniable military preparation.

2. When?

Period of Reign

Ramses II was an admired pharaoh both during and after his reign. Factors that contributed to his popularity include the fact that Egypt enjoyed great prosperity during this period and Ramses being a skilled propagandist. The appeal of Ramses lasted for quite some time as nine different pharaohs of the 20th dynasty took his name as their own. Though some negative aspects of his rule have been debated, historical and archaeological proof have not been uncovered that can support the claim. Ramses was a calculated ruler who understood the value of geographical setting and the advantages that can be gained by utilising the natural resources that were available at the time to build strongholds around the kingdom to protect it from invasions (). He understood the religious sentiment and used it to his advantage. He was known to the Egyptians as UsermaatreSetepenrewhich meant “Keeper of Harmony and Balance, Strong in Right, Elect of Ra ''. 

3. Where?

Historical Setting

At 14 years of age, Ramesses went with his father on missions to Libya and Palestine. He was driving his missions to Nubia, joined by his kids Khaemweset and Amunhirwenemef at 22 years of age. He was named co-ruler close to his father at this age. He set up colossal remaking adventures close to his father and made another château at Avaris. He was the third Pharaoh of the nineteenth custom to present a defence for an unequivocal victory over the Hittites at the Battle of Kadesh. He improved his reputation for being a warrior by using this event as the point of convergence of his deliberate exposure. In any case, confirmation shows that truth be told the battle was altogether all the more a tie than a victory and achieved the world's first détente in 1258BCE (Gamaliia, 2018). Ramses is regularly associated with the harsh Pharaoh of the book of Exodus; there has been no archaeological or recorded confirmation that supports the thought. 

4. What?

Aims and Achievements

During the reign of Ramesses II, the Egyptian army is estimated to have a total of 100,000 soldiers which was a formidable force that he used to strengthen the influence of Egypt throughout eastern Asia and western Africa. The Egyptians had a long-standing turmoil with the kingdom of Hittites in modern-day Asia Minor who had grown to become a dominant power in the area. Egypt had lost many of its crucial trading centres in Canaan and Syria under the Hittite king Suppiluliuma I (Kassem, 2019). Kadesh in Syria, which was one of the most coveted training centres was recaptured by Seti I but had been recaptured by the Hittite king Muwatalli II. When Ramesses ascended the throne he initiated military campaigns once again to restore the borders of Egypt, ensure the trade routes and take back the areas that were rightfully his. In his second year as the Pharaoh, he defeated the people known as Sheridan who resided off the coast of Nile and allied to the Hittites. Many of the Sheridan survivors who lost the battle were taken into his army, some of whom even served as elite bodyguards. 

Though his military achievements were noteworthy and have often earned great praises perhaps Ramses’ most noteworthy achievements are his architectural endeavours. Ramses was responsible for building more monuments than any other Pharaoh in all of Egyptian civilization. Perhaps he understood the timelessness and architectural significance of building structures that would last for thousands of years into the future. Most notable of these were the Ramesseum which is located on the west bank of the river Luxor and the temples of Abu Simbel, located in the south of Aswan ("Discovery of a the pyramid of a Ramses II Vizier at Luxor", 2020). Ramesses which is the location of his tomb is now in ruins but is still recognisable with its large pylons inscribed with tales of his victories and great achievements (Costa, 2017). The Abu Simbel temples located near Lake Nasser were built to commemorate the reign of Ramesses II and in honor of his queen Nefertari and are currently one of the most spectacular sights in Egypt.

Extensive archaeological excavations have revealed that there are hardly any ancient sites in Egy that does not mention the name Ramses the great or the great ancestor in some capacity. so much so that many pharaohs have chosen to take his name as their own. Ramesses used his victories over powerful enemies to propagate his agenda of being a mighty warrior and all-powerful ruler. He understood the value of legacies and how they help keep things under control. Being a sharp strategist he built an empire that stretched for thousands of miles and still did not have to fend off a significant number of enemies as his enemies dared not to challenge his persona. 

5. How?

Tactics

The Nile River Delta being the family home of Ramesses, wasn't a convenient base of operations for campaigns to Asia. Thus he built himself a full-scale palace city named Per Ramessu or the house of Ramesses which is still famous for its beautiful layout complete with magnificent gardens, orchards and peasant water bodies (Kassem, 2019). He understood the value of culture and created a more secular mindset in the empire that accommodated numerous thoughts that arrived from all over his empire. 

6. Why?

Successes

Ramses was a calculated ruler who understood the value of geographical setting and the advantages that can be gained by utilising the natural resources that were available at the time to build strongholds around the kingdom to protect it from invasions. He understood the religious sentiment and used it to his advantage. He was known to the Egyptians as UsermaatreSetepenrewhich meant “Keeper of Harmony and Balance, Strong in Right, Elect of Ra ''. 

7. So What?

Significance

At the age of 96 Rameses died.It was profoundly surprising for the period, to such an extent that every one of his subjects at the hour of his passing were brought into the world knowing just Ramsis as the Pharaoh. His passing caused far reaching alarm as his subjects imagined that the world would end with the demise of their ruler. Over his lifetime Ramses had more than 200 spouses and courtesans, 96 children and sixty little girls the vast majority of whom passed on before him. Being a gifted advocate he carved his name and achievements structure one finish of Egypt to the next and there are practically no Egyptian destinations that don't go on about the name Ramses the incredible.

References

Costa, S. (2017). A comparative study of two Ramesses II scenes in the Seti I Temple of Millions of Years at Gurna (West Thebes). Aula orientalis: revista de estudios del PróximoOrienteAntiguo, 35(2), 251-269.

Discovery of a the pyramid of a Ramses II Vizier at Luxor. (2020). Retrieved 10 September 2020, from https://phys.org/news/2013-02-discovery-pyramid-ramses-ii-vizier.html

Gamaliia, K. (2018). The information-semantic content of the Ramesses II monument in time-space. National Academy of Managerial Staff of Culture and Arts Herald, (1).

Kassem, M. A. (2019). Iconography and style in the statuary of Ramesses II.

Trindade Lopes, M. H. (2017). Ramses II and the art of narrating history. Thinking Symbols, 181-191.

UNESCO. (1994). History of humanity. Paris.

Appendix 1

This is a secondary source. The assessment covers the specific topic of the ruler of ancient Egypt the Rameses II. The target audience is a professor and lecturers. The content is easy to access. The language is easy to understand. The source was useful to the research because it had all the information required for gathering ancient Egypt knowledge. It was used as a basic resource. The source does put forward a particular point of view. The source does not put forward a controversial interpretation. It does not put forward controversial interpretations because all the information are will be reviewed and gathered from will research journal articles.

This article investigates and analyses information pertinent to the information semantic content of Ramesses II with the help of subsequent interpretations and recreations by analysing the activities of Ukrainian Researchers. The study uses the method of comparative and diachronic historical methods in order to understand the change in information semantic content of ancient Egyptian relics in order to induce and establish conclusions with regards to semantic interpretations and reproduction in order to detect embedded or changed meaning.the study of such transformations open up new doors to historical analysis and contributes to the method of studying linguistics, art science and archaeology.

Appendix 2

This is a secondary source. The assessment covers the specific topic of the ruler of ancient Egypt the Rameses II. The target audience is a professor and lecturer. The content is easy to access. The language is easy to understand. The source was useful to the research because it had all the information required for gathering ancient Egypt knowledge. It was used as a basic resource. The source does put forward a particular point of view. The source does not put forward a controversial interpretation. It does not put forward controversial interpretations because all the information are will be reviewed and gathered from will research journal articles.

This thesis paper contains a focused discussion on the iconography and style of the architectural achievements of Ramesses II. The paper analyses the various attitudes, styles, dimensions and materials in order to achieve a successful understanding of the machinery that led to the creation of such architectural marvels. analysing the various choices for construction will help understand how they made their construction decisions and what went through the mind of the architect as he was tasked to build such unimaginable feats. The different styles of inscription after careful analysis provide an insight into the propaganda machine that was run by Ramses. 

Appendix 3

This is a primary source. The assessment covers the specific topic of the ruler of ancient Egypt the Rameses II. The target audience is a professor and lecturer. The content is easy to access. The language is easy to understand. The source was useful to the research because it had all the information required for gathering ancient Egypt knowledge. It was used as a basic resource. The source does put forward a particular point of view. The source does not put forward a controversial interpretation. It does not put forward controversial interpretations because all the information are will be reviewed and gathered from will research journal articles.

The narrative of this book analyses the figure of Ramesses in legends and attempts to relate those legends to reality and concrete facts. The paper analyses the various historical evidence that has been uncovered throughout the years in order to draw out facts of the rule of Ramesses. the paper starts with the beginning of the time of Ramses and throughout his long reign.the legends are analysed in separate chapters to avoid confusion and gives a clear view of the narratives that were structured in order to propagate agenda that have been identified in order to draw meaningful conclusions as to how popular legends are rooted to historical facts.  

Appendix 4

This is a secondary source. The assessment covers the specific topic of the ruler of ancient Egypt the Rameses II. The target audience is a professor and lecturer. The content is easy to access. The language is easy to understand. The source was useful to the research because it had all the information required for gathering ancient Egypt knowledge. It was used as a basic resource. The source does put forward a particular point of view. The source does not put forward a controversial interpretation. It does not put forward controversial interpretation because all the information are will be reviewed and gathered from will research journal articles.

The paper attempts to analyse the profound symbolic language that came out of a structured civilisation based on mythical thought. The paper elaborates on the fact that this profound symbolic language is the narratives of royalty are at par excellence with these symbols. The paper draws conclusion on how Ramesses possessing the unusual capability  to understand the importance of history and memory and a fine perception of history supasses all his ancestors by csecrating himself in history as a legend and a symbol for all of Egyptian civilisation. The paper focuses on symbology and its use in Ramesses’ reign for the purpose of establishing the Ruler as not human but an all powerful entity.

Appendix 5

Source: ("Discovery of a the pyramid of a Ramses II Vizier at Luxor", 2020)

This is a primary source. The assessment covers the specific topic of the ruler of ancient Egypt the Rameses II. The target audience is a professor and lecturer. The content is easy to access. The language is easy to understand. The source was useful to the research because it had all the information required for gathering ancient Egypt knowledge. It was used as a basic resource. The source does put forward a particular point of view. The source does not put forward a controversial interpretation. It does not put forward controversial interpretation because all the information are will be reviewed and gathered from will research journal articles.

The information analyses the different stages of the construction of the tomb of Ramesses and how it was planned in order to satisfy the needs of Ramses. The paper analyses the various features of the temple to determine their importance in the overall narrative that was propagated by Ramses. The thesis evaluates the different structures and their significance in the historical narrative of the legend of Ramessis. The paper attempts to analyse how they have contributed over time to create a clear picture of that era and how they have been instrumental in recreating egyptian history for the modern world. 

Appendix 6

(Source: Costa, 2017)

This is a secondary source. The assessment covers the specific topic of the ruler of ancient Egypt the Rameses II. The target audience is a professor and lecturer. The content is easy to access. The language is easy to understand. The source was useful to the research because it had all the information required for gathering ancient Egypt knowledge. It was used as a basic resource. The source does put forward a particular point of view. The source does not put forward a controversial interpretation. It does not put forward controversial interpretations because all the information are will be reviewed and gathered from will research journal articles.

The paper analyses two iconographically related textual scenes that are of great significance as they demonstrate the attitude of Seti towards his son. The paper offers insights into the cultural hierarchy of the Pharaohs and how they ascended to the throne. How Pharaohs lay down the path for their successor and how symbolic tolls are used to initiate the next successor to the throne. These insights help draw conclusions on the attitude of not only pharaohs but pharaohs as fathers and their relationship to their sons both private and public.